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Description
:-
Oral Polio Vaccine is
a mixture of three Polioviruses (sabin strain) propogated
in primary monkey kidney tissue cultures. These Polio viruses
are suspended in Hank's balanceed salt solution containing
phenol red as pH indicator. The vaccine is a clear, transparent,
yellowish, orange or light pink coloured solution. The vaccine
is thermostabilized with one molar magnesium chloride.
The
potency of the vaccine is expressed in terms of the amount
of virus contained in a recommended dose as cell culture
infective dose (CCID50). Each recommended dose
contains 106 CCID50 of type 1 poliovirus, 105
CCID50 of type 2 poiliovirus and 105.8
CCID50 of type 3 poliovirus.
Action
& uses :-
Oral polio vaccine is administered to stimulate the body
mechanism to produce active immunity by simulating the natural
infection without producing untoward symptoms of the disease.
This is achieved by multiplication of the vaccine virus
in the intestinal tract.
Initial
immunization :-
Five doses of trivalent vaccine are administered orally
at an interval of four to eight weeks. Immunization of infants
is initiated at birth.
Booster
Immunization :-
While the need for booster doses in children is not established
booster doses might be considered every second years till
the child is about 8 years old. Booster doses may also be
considered under the threat of an epidemic.
Contrandications
:
There are no known contradiction for Oral Polio Vaccine.
Since the efficiency of Oral Polio Vaccine depends upon
multiplication of the vaccine viruses in the gut, it is
recommended that the immunization be postponed if there
is persistent vomatting and diarrhoea.
Concurrent
enterovirus infections (including infection with Poliovirus)
may interfere with the desired response. The vaccine may
not be effective in cases of existing and/or incubating
poliovirus infection.
Previous
exposure to poliovirus, including clinical Poliomyelitis
is not a contradiction to immunization with Oral Polio Vaccine.
Doses
Form:-
Oral Polio Vaccine is supplied in a pack of 2ml vial (20
doses). Two drops form a dose.
Administration
:-
Oral Polio Vaccine is to be given by mouth only and should
never be administered parenterally.
Storage
:-
Vaccine stored in frozen condition at a temp. of -20oC
or below can be used for a period of two years from the
date of manufacture.
Mode
of use :-
Remove the vaccine vial from cold storage and examine the
vaccine vial monitor on the label. If the square is lighter
than the circle & the expiry date is not passed, use
the vaccine vial. Do not use the vaccine if the square matches
the circle or the square is darker than the circle. Allow
the vaccine vial to thaw & examine the vial to ensure
that the vaccine is clear and transperent.
With
clean habds tear off the metal seal, remove the rubber cork
and fix the dropper onto the vial. Remove the cap of the
dropper & feed two drops of vaccine directly into the
mouth of the child by pressing the dropper. Put cap on the
dropper and return vial to cold storage. Once the seal is
broken, consume the vaccine as early as possible.
Caution
:-
Vaccine, if not handled in an aseptic manner may develop
turbidity due to bacterial or fungal contamination. Fingures
should never come in contact with the vaccine. The tip of
the dropper should never be touched and should always be
covered with the cap while in store. Vaccine should be checked
carefully for clarity before every use and must be discarded
if found turbid.
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