Description
:-
Tetanus Vaccine is prepared
by detoxifying the tetanus toxin produced by the growth of
Clostridium tetani. The toxoid is purified and then adsorbed
on Aluminium phosphate gel.
Each
ml. contains not less than 10 Lf tetanus toxoid adsorbed
on 3mg. AIPO4 gel. Thiomersal 0.01 percent is
used as preservative. The aluminium phosphate gel ensures
sustained antibody stimulation giving rise to prolonged
immunity against tetanus.
Indications
:-
Prophylax is against Tetanus: Immunization against tetanus
is particularly indicated for persons who are exposed to
the risk of tetanus after injury by reason of their ocupational
environment. These include agricultural, veterinary, sewage
and outdoor workers and particularly children. Neo-Natal
tetanus which has a very high mortality rate is also preventable
by active immunization of the mother with toxoid.
The
advantage of adsorbed tetanus vaccine over fluid vaccine
(tetanus toxoid in simple solution) is that it can be administered
at the same time as antitetanus sera thus reducing the risk
of tetanus in non immune persons.
Dosage
:-
The course of prophylactic immunization consist of 2 doses
each of 0.5ml injected deep intramuscularly at an interval
of 4 to 6 weeks between the doses. The ampoule should be
shaken gently to suspend the contents uniformly before the
dose is withdrawn.
Reinforcing
:-
After the first 2 doses of adsorbed tetanus vaccine booster
dose of 0.5ml is recommended 6 to 8 months later and whenever
there is a tetanus proneinjury. This will raise effectively
the level of protective antibodies. In such patients it
is not advisable to treat with a prophylactic dose of antitetanus
serum.
Reactions
:-
Tetanus vaccine adsorbed (PTAP) is prepared by growing the
tetanus bacillus in protien free medium and is further highly
purified before adsorption on aluminium phosphate gel. The
reaction if any are therefore rare and mild. Repeated injection
however may lead to sensitization and marked local reactions
in patients with history of allergic manifestations. In
such patients with history, sensitivity test should be taken.
Packing
:-
Tetanus Vaccine Adsorbed (PTAP) is supplied in ampoules
of 0.5ml and 5ml/10ml vials.
Storage
:-
It should be stored between 2oC and 8oC
and should not frozen.
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